Finally, ASN considers that EDF needs to make further progress on evaluating the effectiveness of the corrective measures and the conditions for closure of these measures. Building on lessons learned and sharing OEF remain points to be monitored. Notification of significant events by EDF Pursuant to the rules for the notification of significant events (see chapter 3, point 3.3), ASN received 756 ESS reports from EDF in 2024, along with 111 Significant Radiation protection Event (ESR) reports and 60 Significant Environmental Protection Event (ESE) reports. It should be noted that, since 2021, the significant events at the Fessenheim NPP, which was finally shut down in June 2020, are no longer counted in these results. These results also include operation of the Flamanville EPR reactor which was commissioned in May 2024 (50 ESS, including 15 level 1). Graph 1 presents the trend in the number of significant events notified by EDF and rated on the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES), which is graded from 0 to 7 in increasing order of severity, since 2014. Graph 2 shows the trend since 2014 in the number of significant events according to the notification field. Significant events affecting several nuclear reactors are grouped under the term generic significant events. In 2024, 10 events of this type were reported in the field of nuclear safety (26 in 2020, 31 in 2021, 21 in 2022, 16 in 2023). In 2024, two significant events rated level 2 were notified by EDF. Both of these events concern external contamination of a worker. The first in the Tricastin NPP and the second in the Saint-Laurent- des-Eaux NPP (see box page 316). 2.4.5 Protection against internal and external hazards The NPPs must be able to withstand a variety of hazards, originating either inside or outside the installations. The main hazards constituting a risk for safety are detailed below. Fire risks A fire can lead to failure of the equipment needed to control the fundamental safety functions. Steps must thus be taken to protect the sensitive parts of the facility against fire. In the same way as the other BNIs, NPPs are covered by ASN resolution 2014-DC0417 of 28 January 2014, relating to the rules applicable to BNIs for controlling fire risks. The way the fire risk is taken into account in the NPPs is based on the “Defence in Depth” principle built around three levels, that is the design of the facilities, fire prevention, fire detection and firefighting. Design rules aim to prevent a fire from spreading and mitigate its consequences; they are based primarily on “fire sectorisation”. This involves dividing the facility into sectors and containment areas designed to keep the fire within a given perimeter bounded by items (doors, walls and fire dampers) offering a specified fire resistance duration. The main purpose is to prevent a fire from spreading to two redundant equipment items performing a fundamental safety function. Explosion risks An explosion can damage the items essential for maintaining safety or lead to rupture of the containment and the dispersal of radioactive materials into the facility, or even into the environment. Steps must thus be taken by the licensee to protect the sensitive parts of the installation. Internal flooding risks An internal flood, that is originating inside the facility, can lead to failure of the equipment needed to control the fundamental safety functions. Flooding GRAPH 1 Trend in the number of significant events rated on the INES scale in the EDF Nuclear Power Plants between 2014 and 2024 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 100 300 500 700 900 2014 690 75 2016 638 79 2018 793 82 2022 750 87 2015 629 67 1 2017 766 65 4 2019 840 91 3 2020 838 96 1 2021 851 84 1 2023 792 70 2 2024 816 68 2 This Graph includes data for the Fessenheim NPP up until 2020. Source : ASN INES level 0 INES level 1 INES level 2 GRAPH 2 Trend in the number of significant events by domain in the EDF Nuclear Power Plants between 2014 and 2024 2014 640 116 112 2015 586 109 79 2016 583 122 77 2017 688 130 98 2018 686 169 75 2019 745 171 83 2020 740 174 61 2021 762 158 68 2022 687 136 56 2023 714 140 46 2024 756 111 60 This Graph includes data for the Fessenheim NPP up until 2020. Source : ASN Safety Radiation protection Environment 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 100 300 500 700 900 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2024 309 01 The EDF Nuclear Power Plants 10 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 11 12 13 14 15 AP
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