the main actions to be taken. It includes the international nature of emergencies and the mutual assistance possibilities in the case of an event. This plan is currently being revised by the SGDSN and ASN is involved in this revision work. b) Off-site Emergency Plans In the vicinity of the facility, the Off-site Emergency Plan (PPI) is established by the Prefect of the département concerned pursuant to Articles L. 741-6, R.741-18 et seq. of the Domestic Security Code, “to protect the populations, property and the environment, and to cope with the specific risks associated with the existence of structures and facilities whose perimeter is localised and fixed. The PPI implements the orientations of civil protection policy in terms of mobilisation of resources, information, alert, exercises and training”. These Articles also stipulate the characteristics of the facilities or structures for which the Prefect is required to define a PPI. The PPI specifies the initial actions to be taken to protect the general public, the roles of the various services concerned, the systems for giving the alert, and the human and material resources likely to be engaged in order to protect the general public. The PPI falls within the framework of the Disaster and Emergency Response Organisation (Orsec) which describes the protective measures decided on by the public authorities in large-scale emergencies. Therefore, beyond the application perimeter of the PPI, the département or zone Orsec plan is activated. ASN assists the Prefect, who is responsible for the drafting and approval of the PPI, by analysing the various aspects with its technical support organisation, IRSN, including those concerning the nature and scale of the radiological consequences of an accident. The PPIs currently make it possible to plan the public authorities’ response in the first hours of the accident in order to protect the population living within a 20 km radius around the affected installation. The PPI comprise a “reflex” phase, in which the licensee immediately issues an alert to the populations situated within a radius of from a few hundred metres up to 2 km (for electricity generating reactors). Once alerted by activation of the “PPI” sirens, the populations situated within this radius must take shelter and listen to the media. The PPI are also able to prepare for an “immediate evacuation” response from a distance of a few hundred metres up to 5 km (for electricity generating reactors). Finally, within a radius of up to 20 km around the installations, the PPI provide for the preventive distribution of stable iodine tablets for certain installations (reactors in particular), the adoption of measures to restrict consumption in the event of an accident, plus reinforced information of the populations regarding the risks from the installation and the appropriate behaviour to be followed. The additional measures to be taken beyond the zone covered by the PPI are specified, as applicable, through a joint approach which can be based on the Orsec arrangements, taking account of the characteristics of the accident and the weather conditions. c) On-site Emergency Plan As part of the BNI commissioning authorisation procedures, ASN examines and approves the On-site Emergency Plans (PUI) and their updates (Article R. 593-31 of the Environment Code). The PUI, prepared by the licensee, is designed to restore the plant to a controlled and stable condition and mitigate the consequences of an event. It defines the organisational actions and the resources to be implemented on the site. It also includes the provisions for rapidly informing the public authorities. Rapid data feedback for more efficient emergency management Under the aegis of the General Secretariat for Defence and National Security (SGDSN), ASN and IRSN have for several years been working with the licensees of nuclear installations other than the EDF reactors (for which there is also a system for feedback of technical information in the event of an emergency), in order to secure and optimise the transmission to IRSN and ASN of the information needed for emergency management, in an accident situation. Many months of work and considerable commitment by the teams at IRSN and the licensees led to the first links between the Orano facilities and the IRSN Emergency Centre being implemented in 2024. In an emergency situation, these links allow automatic and real-time transmission to the IRSN Emergency Centre of radioactive measurement data concerning the outlets from the facilities. These data will be rapidly available and are essential for assessing any radioactive releases into the environment in an accident situation, along with the possible consequences outside the facility. A local exercise conducted in 2024 on an Orano site demonstrated the pertinence of this approach. DIAGRAM 1 Major Nuclear or Radiological Accident National Response Plan Reflex phase Situation 1 of the Plan: immediate and short-duration release • Shelter and await instructions over 2 km • Consumption restrictions Immediate phase Situation 2 of the Plan: immediate and long-duration release • Shelter and await instructions over 2 km, then evacuation over 5 km • Consumption restrictions Joint response Other situation • Population protection measures based on dose forecasts and taking account of the local context Nationwide: Application of the “Major Nuclear or Radiological Accident National Response Plan” Reflex phase 2 km Immediate phase 5 km Off-site Emergency Plan perimeter 174 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2024 Radiological emergency and post-accident situations
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