Furthermore – and on the basis of ASN proposals if necessary – the Minister responsible for radiation protection defines the general regulations applicable to radiation protection. The regulation of worker radiation protection is the responsibility of the Minister for Labour. That concerning the radiation protection of patients is the responsibility of the Minister for Health. These roles are currently held by the Ministry for Labour, Health, Solidarity and Families. They also approve ASN technical regulations and certain individual resolutions affecting their own particular field (for example: setting BNI discharge limits during operation, BNI delicensing, etc.). The Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Mission The Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Mission (MSNR), within the General Directorate for Risk Prevention at the Ministry for Ecological Transition Biodiversity, Forests, the Sea and Fisheries, is in particular tasked – in collaboration with ASN – with proposing Government policy on nuclear safety and radiation protection, except for defence-related activities and installations and the radiation protection of workers against ionising radiations. Defence and Security High Official The purpose of nuclear security, in the strictest sense of the term (IAEA definition, less wide-ranging than that of Article L. 591-1 of the Environment Code) is to protect and monitor nuclear materials, their facilities and their transportation. It aims to ensure protection of the populations and environment against the consequences of malicious acts, in accordance with the provisions of the Defence Code. This responsibility lies with the Minister for Ecological Transition, with the support of the HFDS and more specifically its Nuclear Security Department. The HFDS thus acts as the nuclear security authority, by drafting regulations, issuing authorisations and conducting inspections in this field, with the support of the Armed Forces Ministry. Although the two regulatory systems and approaches are clearly different, the two fields, owing to the specificity of the nuclear field, are closely linked. ASN and the HFDS are therefore regularly in contact with each other to discuss these matters. 2.2.2 The decentralised State services The decentralised services of the French State are those which locally implement the decisions taken by the central administration and which manage the State’s services at the local level. These services are placed under the authority of the Prefects. ASN maintains close relations with the Regional Directorates for the Environment, Planning and Housing (Dreal), the Regional and Interdepartmental Directorate for Public Works, Development and Transport of Ile-de-France (Drieat), the Regional Directorates for the economy, employment, labour and solidarity (Dreets) and the Regional Health Agencies (ARS) which, although not strictly speaking decentralised services but public institutions, have equivalent powers. The Prefects are the State’s local representatives. They are the guarantors of public order and play a particularly important role in the event of an emergency, in that they are responsible for measures to protect the general public. The Prefects intervene in the various procedures. In particular, they send the Minister their opinion on the report and the conclusions from the inquiry commissioner following the public inquiry into authorisation applications. At the request of ASN, they refer to the Departmental Council for the Environment and Health and Technological Risks for an opinion on the water intake, discharges and other detrimental effects of BNIs. 2.3 From the Nuclear Safety Authority to the French Authority for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection The French Nuclear Safety Authority (Autorité du sûreté nucléaire – ASN), created by the TSN Act, is an independent administrative Authority which takes part in regulating nuclear safety, radiation protection and the nuclear activities mentioned in Article L. 1333-1 of the Public Health Code. Its missions consist in regulating, licensing, inspecting, assisting the public authorities in emergency Regulation of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France (organisation up until 31 December 2024) High Committee for Transparency and Information on Nuclear Safety High Council for Prevention of Technological Hazards Central Committee for Pressure Equipment High Council for Public Health Advisory Committees of Experts Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety General regulations Regulation of installations Clarification of Government decisions Issue of other authorisations Government Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Mission The French Nuclear Safety Authority National Assembly and Senate Parliamentary Office for the Evaluation of Scientific and Technical Choices Parliamentary Commissions Major decisions concerning BNIs Creation authorisation Decommissioning Decree Examination and expert assessment ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2024 129 The principles of nuclear safety and radiation protection and the regulation and oversight stakeholders 02 01 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 AP
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