impact of these discharges on the populations in the immediate vicinity of the installations is then calculated using models simulating transfers to the environment. The dosimetric impacts vary, according to the type of installation and the lifestyles of the chosen reference groups, from a few microsieverts to several tens of microsieverts per year (μSv/year). An estimation of the doses from BNIs is presented in Table 4 which shows, for each site and per year, the estimated effective doses received by the most exposed reference population groups. There are no known estimates for nuclear activities other than BNIs owing to the methodological difficulties involved in identifying the impact of these facilities and in particular the impact of discharges containing small quantities of artificial radionuclides resulting from the use of unsealed radioactive sources in research or biology laboratories, or in nuclear medicine units. To give an example, the impact of hospital discharges could lead to doses of a several tens of microsieverts per year for the most exposed persons, particularly for certain jobs in sewage networks and wastewater treatment plants (IRSN studies 2005 and 2015). RESULTS OF DOSIMETRY MONITORING OF WORKER EXTERNAL EXPOSURE TO IONISING RADIATION (EXPOSURE TO NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY INCLUDED) IN 2020 (Source: IRSN 2020 report, June 2021 –“Worker radiation protection: occupational exposure to ionising radiation in France”) ཛྷ Total population monitored: 387,452 workers ཛྷ Monitored population for whom the annual effective dose remained below the detection threshold: 295,080, i.e. more than 76% ཛྷ Monitored population for whom the annual effective dose remained between the detection threshold and 1 mSv: 70,324 workers, i.e. about 18% ཛྷ Monitored population for whom the annual effective dose remained between 1 mSv and 20 mSv: 22,044 workers, i.e. more than 5.6% ཛྷ Monitored population for whom the annual effective dose exceeded 20 mSv: 4 workers(*) ཛྷ Monitored population for whom the equivalent dose to the extremities exceeded 500 mSv: 1 worker ཛྷ Collective dose (sum of the individual effective annual doses): 72.43 man-Sv ཛྷ Average annual individual effective dose in the population which recorded a dose higher than the detection threshold: 0.78 mSv Results of internal exposure monitoring in 2020 (natural radioactivity excluded) ཛྷ Number of routine examinations carried out: 197,485 (of which 0.4% were considered positive) ཛྷ Population for which a dose estimation was made: 724 workers ཛྷ Number of special monitoring examinations or verifications performed: 7,773 (of which 15% are higher than the detection threshold) ཛྷ Population having recorded a committed effective dose exceeding 1 mSv: 1 worker Results of monitoring of internal exposure to natural radionuclides from the uranium and thorium decay chains in 2020 ཛྷ Internal exposure: • collective dose for 334 workers: 83.95 man-mSv • Average annual individual effective dose in the population which recorded a dose higher than the detection threshold: 0.45 mSv (*) A fifth case not included in this summary can be added to these four cases: case in the medical sector corresponding to a cumulative dose over 12 sliding month from June 2019 to May 2020 and not over the calendar year. DIAGRAM Changes in the number of monitored workers whose annual dose exceeds 20 mSv, from 1996 to 2020 2 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 2020 905 340 322 177 69 112 79 100 51 40 26 22 16 14 14 8 8 1 2 2 10 5 9 8 Source: IRSN. Details for the 2009-2020 period 5 0 3 6 9 12 15 2018 2019 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2020 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2021 109 01 – NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES: IONISING RADIATION AND HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS 08 07 13 04 10 06 12 14 03 09 05 11 02 01 AP
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